Compound hub
LL-37
LL-37 is a peptide, a short chain of 37 amino acids, that the human body cuts from a bigger protein called hCAP18. A 2000 paper described hCAP18 as the only human cathelicidin identified, and tied LL-37 to a receptor on white blood cells. This hub explains what the molecule is, what two published human trials measured, what regulators have written about it, and where the evidence stops.
Record card
| Common name | LL-37 |
|---|---|
| What it is | 37-residue C-terminal peptide of hCAP18, the human cathelicidin |
| Made by | Neutrophils and epithelial cells (De Yang et al., Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2000) |
| Receptor measured in 2000 | FPRL1, now called FPR2 (Qin et al., British Journal of Pharmacology, 2022) |
| Developer name used by Promore Pharma | Ropocamptide |
| Human trials found | Two trials examined: 34 participants (2014); 149 randomised, 148 treated, 144 in the main efficacy analysis (Mahlapuu et al., 2021) |
| Half-life in people | Not established in the sources opened |
| Poisons Standard, October 2026 (F2026L01327) | No LL-37 or cathelicidin entry in the instrument text, searched 16 October 2026 |
| WADA 2026 Prohibited List | Not named in the List text (searched 16 October 2026) |
Questions answered here
05- How does LL-37 work? What the cell research measuredHow LL-37 works according to published research: direct antimicrobial activity, and the recruitment of white blood cells through the receptor FPRL1 (FPR2). What was measured, in which cells, and what is not shown.Updated 2026-10-16
- Is LL-37 legal in Australia? Poisons Standard, TGA, FDA and WADA recordsWhat the October 2026 Poisons Standard (F2026L01327), the TGA, the FDA and the WADA 2026 Prohibited List say about LL-37, with the date each record was read. Records only; this is not legal advice.Updated 2026-10-16
- LL-37 side effects: what the trials and the FDA recordWhat the two LL-37 trials reported about safety, what the FDA safety page says about immunogenicity, impurities and nonclinical findings, and what is not known. Records only, checked 16 October 2026.Updated 2026-10-16
- LL-37 human studies: what the 2014 and 2021 venous leg ulcer trials foundTwo published randomised LL-37 trials in venous leg ulcers: 34 participants in 2014; 149 randomised, 148 treated and 144 in the main efficacy analysis in 2021. What each measured, the full-population result, and why a post hoc subgroup is not a primary result.Updated 2026-10-16
- What is LL-37? The human cathelicidin peptide explainedWhat LL-37 is: a 37-amino-acid peptide cut from the protein hCAP18, the only human cathelicidin identified in the 2000 paper that linked it to a receptor. Where the body makes it and what is not established.Updated 2026-10-16
Form Laboratories supplies research-use-only reference material. Everything in this hub is an educational summary of published third-party literature. It is not medical advice, not a use instruction, and research material is not for human or animal use.